Unique In-Vitro Model Investigating the Effects of Pea Protein Enteral Formulas on Prebiotic Indices and Microbiota Composition in Pediatric and Adult Donors

Abstract presented at The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) 2025 Nutrition Science & Practice Conference.

Summary: Whole food plant-based diets have demonstrated metabolic benefits across many populations. The resulting increased intake of dietary fiber and phytonutrients is integral to the success of this dietary pattern due to the positive effect on the digestive system. Patients dependent on tube feeding may not receive dietary fiber or sources of phytonutrients, and the impact of this is unknown. Evidence suggests that the pathways that promote digestive health include more than traditional prebiotic sources from carbohydrate fermentation. Data on protein fermentation metabolites and potential adverse effects on colon epithelial cell integrity are emerging. These lesser-known metabolites, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), are produced through proteolytic fermentation. Emerging research suggests that the overproduction of BCFAs via protein fermentation may be associated with toxic by-products like p-cresol. These resulting by-products may play a role in digestive disease pathogenesis. Enteral formulas are often used to support the nutritional needs of those with digestive conditions. Plant-based formulations made with yellow pea protein have been reported to improve GI tolerance symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible have yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a mixed food matrix enteral formula containing pea protein, fiber, and phytonutrients on various markers of gut health in healthy children and adults using an in vitro model.

Key Takeaways:

• All enteral formulas demonstrated a consistent prebiotic effect on the gut microbial community composition in healthy pediatric and adult donors. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms related to digestive health and highlight the importance of designing prospective interventional research to better understand the role of fiber and phytonutrients within enteral products.